Adverb : An Adverb is a word that can modify a Verb , Adjective or another Adverb.

Examples :
(a) He is walking Slowly.
👉Here adverb Slowly is Modifying Verb(Walking).
(b) He is very Smart.
👉Here adverb Very is Modifying Adjective(Smart).
(c) He is walking very slowly.
👉Here adverb Very is modifying another adverb Slowly.

There are different types of adverb , we will discuss each adverb in details in separate grammar rules.

1. Adverb of Manner Slowly, Loudly, Happily, etc.
2. Adverb of Time Now, yet, Soon, already, Since, ago, often, just, never, etc.
3. Adverb of Place Everywhare, Here, Near, away, upward, backward, up, down,
4. Adverb of Frequency Always, once, rarely, seldom, never, usually, etc.
5. Adverb of Affirmation or Negation Obviously, apparently, undoubtedly, yes, no, certainly, etc
6. Adverb of Degree Quite, rather, very, almost, fully, enough, too, only, etc.
7. Relative Adverb That, when, why, how, etc.
8. Interrogative Adverb How? What? When? How? etc.

NOTE : We should not get confused with Relative Adverb with the interrogative Adverb.
(a) I know the reason why he left the school. ( Relative Adverb). (b) Who is he to punish you ? ( Interrogative Adverb)

Some Adjectives confused with Adverbs.

Below are some Adjectives which are often mistaken for Adverbs due to to their 'ly' form.

Noun Adjective Adverb
Miser Miserly In a miserly manner
Scholar Scholarly In a scholarly manner
Coward Cowardly In a cowardly manner
Niggard Niggardly In a niggardly manner
Man Manly In a manly manner
Gentleman Gentlemanly In a gentlemanly manner
Friend Friendly In a friendly manner
Month Monthly In a monthly manner
Week Weekly In a weekly manner
Order Orderly In a orderly manner

Examples :
(a) He is a coward man.(X)
👉He is a cowardly man.
(b) He is coward.(X)
👉He is a coward. (Coward is a noun so 'a' will be used before it.)
(c) I am going to swimming classes weekly.(X)
👉in a weekly manner should be used.
(d) He is a scholarly man.(✓)

Grammar Rules of Adverb.

  Rule 1 : 


Below adverb of time are place before the verbs or adjectives they modify.

Now, yet, Soon, already, Since, ago, often, just, never, sometimes, hardly, rarely, generally, usually etc.

Examples :
(a) My sister comes often every Sunday.(X)
👉Place often before comes.
(b) I go never to restricted areas.(X)
👉Place never before go.
(c) I realised soon that it would rain.(X)
👉Place soon before realised.

  Rule 2 : 


Below adverbs have negative meanings they should not be used with other negative words to convey negative meaning.

Seldom, nowhere, never, nothing,hardly, scarcely, neither, barely, rarely

Examples :
(a) She hardly knows nobody.(X)
👉She hardly knows anybody.
(b) I barely watch TV shows.()

  Rule 3 : 


Not and never is not used with both, deny, forbid, Unless, Until, lest, too .... to ,

Examples :
(a) Both of us are not going to school today.(X)
👉Use Neither in place of both.
(b) I will not go unless he does not come.(X)
👉I will not go unless he comes.

  Rule 4 : 


Observe the use of below phrases. They are always used in the given format.

'Seldom or never'    'seldom, if ever'   'little or nothing'    'little, if anything'

It is incorrect to say 'Seldom if never' or 'Little if nothing'

These is a short cut to remember these 4 phrases.

SON SIE LON LIA (सन से लोन लिया )

SON ( सन ) ⇾ Seldom or never.
SIE ( से ) ⇾ Seldom, if ever.
LON ( लोन ) ⇾ Litter or nothing.
LIA ( लिया ) ⇾ Little, if anything.

Examples :
(a) We seldom or ever meet our relatives these days.(X)
👉Use seldom or never.
(b) We seldom if ever meet our relatives these days.(✓)

  Rule 5 : 


Adverbs of manners are used after Intransitive verbs but in case of Transitive verbs adverbs of manners can be placed either before or after transitive verbs.

If you want to clarify your doubts about Transitive and Intransitive verb => Click Here.

 Examples :
(a) He immediately returned.(X)
👉He returned immediately. (Intransitive verb)
(b) He slept soundly last night.(✓)
(c) He briefly described the incident.(✓)
👉Here Describe is Transitive Verb.
(d) He described the incident briefly.(✓)
👉Here Describe is Transitive Verb.

  Rule 6 : 


There are some words which are used both as adjectives and adverbs.

High, safe, quiet, early, fast, straight, outright, direct, hard, late, etc.

Examples :
(a) Drive safe. (as an adverb)
(b) This is a safe route. (as an adjective)
(c) He came here early.(as an adverb)
(d) The early flight will leave at 5 AM. (as an adjective)
(e) Come fast. (as an adverb)
(f) He is very fast. (as an adjective)
(g) He rejected my offer outrighly.(X)
👉Use outright in place of outrightly.

But there are some adverbs which have two different meanings in two forms.

 1. Hard and Hardly : 

Hard - To try hard
Hardly - Almost Nothing (Negative Sense)

(a) He studies very hardly for his examinations. (X)
👉He studies very hard for his examinations.
(b) He hardly does any work. (✓)

 2. Late and Lately : 

Late - After the schedule time
Lately - Recently

(a) I have not seen you lately.(✓)
(b) You have come late for the meeting.(✓)

 3. Free and Freely : 

Free - No cost.
Freely - without any restrictions.

(a) Why are you roaming free at midnight ? (X)
👉Use Freely in place of freely.
(b) Foods are provided freely here. (X)
👉Use Free in place of Freely.

 4. Loudly and Aloud : 

Loudly - With a lot of noise.
Aloud - Loud enough to hear.

Note : Loud is an adjective.

(a) Speak Loudly. (X)
👉Speak Aloud.
(b) They were playing music aloud.(X)
👉They were playing music loudly.

  Rule 7 : 
  Use of Much and Very


Very is used to modify the present participles whereas Much is used to modify Past participles and Comparative degrees.

Examples :
(a) It is a much interesting picture.(X)
👉Use Very in place of Much
(b) He was very exhausted after the work.(X)
👉Use Much in place of Very.
(c) He is much wiser than his sister.(✓)
(d)* He was much pleased.(X)
👉Use very in place of much.(See below)
(d)* He was very tired after playing.(✓)
👉Very is correct before tired.(See below)

NOTE :*Generally Very is not used with past participles but Very is used before below past participles

very pleased, very tired, very dejected, very contented, very discontented, very drunk, very limited, very delighted.

  Rule 8 : 
  


Very and Much can be used in superlative degrees.Observe below sentences.

Examples :
(a) He is the very best teacher in the school.(✓)
👉Here very means Really.
(b) He is much the best teacher in the school.(✓)
👉Here much means decidedly.
(c) He is by far the best teacher in the school.(✓)
👉By far means to a large extent.

  Rule 9 : 
  Use of Quite, Fairly, Rather, Enough.


  Quite : 
  It has two meaning (1) Completely or Perfectly and (2) A little . It can not be used in place of very in every place.


Examples :
(a) Her life is quite different from mine.(✓)
(b) She is quite beautiful.(X)
👉Use very in place of quite.
(c) Samsung is quite a big company.(✓)
(d) You are quite right.(✓)

  Fairly : 
  It is used with positive degree. Examples : Fairly wise, Fairly good, etc.


  Rather : 
  It is used with both positive and comparative degrees. Examples : Rather worse, Rather bad, Rather amusing, etc.


Note : Than is used after Rather in below sentences.
(a) I would rather die than beg

  Enough : 
  It can act both as Adjective and Adverb.


Examples :
(a) She is wise enough to understand this problem.(✓)
👉Here Enough is acting as an Adverb
(b) She has enough money to buy this house.(✓)
👉Here Enough is acting as an adjective.

Note : Always use positive degree before enough.
(a) He is faster enough to win this race.(X)
Use fast in place of faster.

  Rule 10 : 
  Use of Else and Other.


Else is followed by But. (Else.....But)
Other or Otherwise is followed by Than. (Other.....Than)

Examples :
(a) He has no one else to talk to except her wife.(X)
👉Use But in place of except.
(b) I have no other alternative but to stay here.(X)
👉Use than in place of but.
(c) It is nothing else than a sheer foolishness.(X)
👉Use but in place of than.

  Rule 11 : 
  Difference between Too, as well, also


Please note and learn following Points.

(a) Too and as well are used in in the sense of 'Besides' 'In addition of' and 'Also'
(b) Also is not used at the end of any sentence.
(c) Too also means excessively.
(d) Too.....To is used to in negative sentence.

Examples :
(a) We found her bag and money too/as well. (✓)
(b) We found her bag and money also. (X)
👉Also is not used at the end of the sentence.
(c) You are too good.(✓)
(d) She is too weak to walk. (✓)
👉It means --> She is so weak that she can not walk.

  Rule 12 : 
  Use of Adverb 'As'


Adverb 'As' is used with below verbs.

Regard , describe, define, know, treat, view.

(Shortcut to remember ⇾ RDD TVK)

R ⇾ Regard
D ⇾ Describe
D ⇾ Define
T ⇾ Treat
V ⇾ View
K ⇾ Know

Examples:
(a) I regard him as my best friend.(✓)
(b) He is treated as the best employee.(✓)
(c) Delhi is described as the soul of the India.(✓)

Adverb as is not used with below verbs.

Consider, name , elect, choose, make, think, call, appoint

(a) He is considered as the best employee.(X)
👉He is considered the best employee.
(b) She was appointed as a lecturer in this college.(X)
👉She was appointed a lecturer in this college.
(c) He thinks himself as an actor.(X)
👉He thinks himself an actor.

If you have gone through all the concept of this chapter you can practice Practice question based on this chapter for better understanding and clarity. Questions based on Adverb.
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